Sinusitis, Chronic
Natural Remedies

Natural Remedies for Chronic Sinusitis Relief

| Modified on Aug 20, 2023
Natural Remedies for Chronic Sinusitis

What is a person to do when the symptoms of a sinus infection - headaches, sinus pressure, congestion in the head, and possibly fever and malaise, continue on for weeks, or even months in spite of treatment? Many Earth Clinic readers have shared the tried and true natural treatments they have found to cure chronic sinusitis.

Cures for chronic sinus infections include apple cider, herbs, coconut oil, and vitamin supplements. It is also important to use remedies that will reduce inflammation in the body to help heal inflammation in the sinus cavities. Remedies to strengthen an immune system that has been overworked for weeks or months are also important.

Natural Remedies for Chronic Sinusitis Relief

If you go by personal experience of Earth Clinic readers, Apple Cider Vinegar is the most popular treatment for Chronic Sinusitis. It can be used in the nose or taken internally, or both! The best way to take it internally is to mix 2 Tablespoons of raw apple cider vinger with 2 Tablespoons or Raw Honey with 1 cup of almost boiling water in a mug. A hot drink helps the sinuses to drain. If you prefer a cold drink, add 1 - 2 Tablespoons of vinegar to a tall glass of water and sip over the course of an hour. To make an apple cider nasal rinse, add 1/2 teaspoon of raw apple cider vinegar to 1 cup of boiled cooled water (or use distilled water.) Put some of the solution in your cupped hand and snort up into the sinuses. Alternately, use the solution in a netti pot.

Extra virgin coconut oil is another popular and effective treatment that can be used internally and externally. Coconut Oil is an amazing antiviral. To use it in the nose, melt a small amount and drop a few drops into each nostril. This should also be soothing to the nasal passages. The recommended dosage for adults is 1 Tablespoon of Coconut Oil three times a day. It may be best to start with 1 teaspoon three times daily to make sure the remedy suits you.

Herbs to Heal the Sinuses

Cayenne pepper, garlic, eucalyptus, and mullein are some of the many herbs that can be used to treat chronic sinusitis. Some even put some cayenne pepper into the nose, but be prepared - that treatment is not for the faint of heart! Dip the tip of a q-tip into a bit of cayenne pepper and use that to get some cayenne up into each nostril. Be prepared for some discomfort and then some drainage! The herb mullein is great to thin mucous to help the sinuses to drain. Mullein can be taken as a tea. Garlic is a wonderful anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-biotic. Take one clove 3 - 4 times each day. The clove can be minced and taken in a spoon with raw honey, or spread with coconut oil onto toast.

Eucalyptus essential oil is a great addition to a healing bath. Fill a tub with water as hot as you like. Add 1 cup of baking soda or Epsom Salt and 4 drops of Eucalyptus essential oil. Soak for 20 minutes or so. To get an extra steamy bath, fill the tub with very hot water from the shower with the bathroom door closed. This will put more steam into the air to help moisten and drain the sinuses while you soak.

Supporting the Immune System

If your body is dealing with a chronic infection, likely your immune system needs some support. 1,000 mg of Vitamin C several times a day will be a help. Elderberry syrup or astragalus root (as a tea, in capsules or in a tincture) are two herbal supplements to help the immune system. Keep dairy products, sugar and processed foods to a minimum to help the immune system work better and keep mucous production down.

Reducing Inflammation from Chronic Sinusitis

Many of the above mentioned remedies are anti-inflammatory in nature, including the garlic, vinegar and coconut oil. If you have been dealing with chronic sinusitis, your body has had an extended time of inflammation. Whatever you decide to use to treat your condition, continue treatment for at least several days, or even weeks, after you feel better. Your body needs some extra care and nourishment to get back to full health. The above remedies are all safe for long term use for most people.

Please scroll down this page to see what Earth Clinic readers have found helpful for their chronic sinusitis! You'll find an extensive list of remedies that you can sort by date or by remedies, including the number of people who have been cured by a particular remedy. If you have dealt with a chronic sinus infection, please share your experiences with us!


Additional Pages of Interest:
Sinus Infection Remedies
Allergy Remedies
Sinus Headache Relief from Folk Cures
Apple Cider Vinegar Cures




Acupressure, Nasal Rinse

2 User Reviews
5 star (2) 
  100%

Posted by Dianec (Los Angeles, Ca, United States) on 03/05/2010
★★★★★

Dear Earth Clinic I am excited and would like to share my cure with other sinusitis sufferers!

I have suffered from Sinusitis for close to 10 years. I had never had any allergies to anything except Figs (they cause my throat to itch) so I avoid them. About 9 years ago I began to have extreme post nasal drip and this caused me pain in the throat down to my stomach. This became so bad that I stopped hiking and walking. I gained an awful amount of weight in 9 years. About 30 pounds! Before the problem I used to hike up to 12 miles with a 10 minute break! I was slim and in great shape for a woman of 48. Then came this health problem.

After trying everything over the counter and also prescriptions nothing worked. Medications only gave me some relief. I must have spent hundreds on medications. I was getting worse everyday.

I suddenly remembered that massage therapy works on many medical problems so I begin pressing out my sinus area. I usually lie down and place my thumbs on the area across the eyebrow near the nose and press down hard as I can stand it. (Works better if someone else does this)The area was in so much pain! I also irrigate my nasal passages with a teaspoon of sea salt and a teaspoon of baking soda with hot water as I can stand. When I irrigate I try to suck in the liquid deep in my sinus passages. Both sides. Then I press down not only the eyebrows but the orbits of my eyes and near the nose. (If you have problems with glare this might be the cause of the problem. I believe the computer screen can cause problems with the eyes and sinuses. This problem started 2 years after I bought my first computer. I actually wear sunglasses when using the computer or you can dim the screen. Or buy a screen shade of some type.)

I believe my eyes were the cause of my sinusitis. I believe the nerves of my eyes were inflamed with the light and glare. I use sun glasses at all time out of doors. Since I began pressing my sinus area the painful post nasal drip has stopped! And I am almost back to normal.

I still have a slight problem but I only started this treatment a week ago! I pressed out my sinuses before I went to bed last night and irrigated my sinuses with hot water with sea salt and baking soda and I also took a hot shower and allowed the hot water to hit my sinus area! This morning I woke up with extremely thick Flem from my sinuses that was like chewing gum! It was difficult to take off my hand it was so gooey! That is what was in my sinuses and who knows for how long? Anyway I would like to share this treatment with others. And I pray it helps others!

Thank you
DianeC

Replied by Chickey23
(Richmond, Virginia)
02/09/2015
★★★★★

Diane C.,

Thank you so much for sharing your methods of treatment!

After having been diagnosed with sinusitis, I've found a similar satisfaction and relief in having performed nasal rinses (with the type of neti pot that is able to be squeezed, and thus, used to control the force of sterilized saline) every other day.

I discovered I suffer from food allergies, namely to wheat and dairy. I ditched standard allergy medication and opted for a natural approach. Though I've changed my entire diet to a gluten-free, dairy-free, fully-hydrated, organic lifestyle, I still find the need to use the neti pot to clear my sinuses. Even with the use of herbs and apple cider vinegar (with the mother), it's as though they cannot drain on their own. Maybe it's just my body's composition, but if this information can help someone like myself, I want to give back what the Earth Clinic community has offered to me.

In addition to my success with the sinus rinse and dietary changes, simply one session of acupuncture had helped restore the circulation in my lower back, and I noticed better blood flow throughout my body.

Do it! It's totally worth it. I can't say I am willing to receive acupuncture on a regular basis (as it's not covered by my insurance, and I don't consider it a necessity in my monthly budget), but it is very well worth it when I choose to visit a practitioner.

Good luck with everything, all! If you find you cannot afford even the most inexpensive forms of treatment, prioritize and cut back on something extraneous. I ditched cable, internet, unnecessary foods and luxuries, and I'm so much happier for it! My body feels great, and my mind is freer and more independent, as it's not chained to the advertising-ridden filth on T.V. Enjoy your life- we only have one chance to get it right (unless you believe in reincarnation). :) Have fun, treat yourself right, stay active in mind and body, and remain positive.


Acupressure, Nasal Rinse
Posted by Dianec (Los Angeles, Ca. United States) on 03/05/2010

P.S. Regarding my feedback about Sinusitis: I believe I forgot to add that ICE PACKS on my eyes and eyebrows also helps my sinus problem.

Regards, DianeC

Replied by Dianec
(Los Angeles, Ca, United States)
01/31/2011

What cured my sinusitis was wearing a warm knitted cap on my head day and night. I have not had problems with sinusitis so far for over 2 weeks! I'm not taking any benadryl or anything. Try keeping your head warm like I did.

First time in years that I feel normal again. For some reason cold starts my sinuses running and the horrible post nasal drip? I also am not spitting out mucus! Keep your head warm especially during the night.

DianeC Los Angeles 1/31/11


ACV, Sinus Rinse, Dietary Changes

1 User Review
5 star (1) 
  100%

Posted by Cristina (La Coruña. Spain) on 03/22/2017
★★★★★

Sinusitis cured! Its been 2 years and hasn´t come back.

I cured my sinus infection completely. I took 1 tablespoon of ACV in apple juice daily, also I flushed my nose with a netty pot every morning with: warm boiled water, a pinch of salt and two drops of Citrobiotic( grapefruit seed oil). I cleaned out all that nasty infection and kept doing it until all was gone. I also stopped eating dairy and gluten! Very very important. I notice that if someday I have a tiny bit of yogurt the next day I wake up with problems breathing. So keep in mind what you eat is very very important!


Air Purifier

2 User Reviews
5 star (2) 
  100%

Posted by Mayaman72 (Visalia, Ca) on 03/03/2012
★★★★★

I've struggled with chronic sinusitus due to the very poor air quality of the area I live in which I believe is ranked in the top ten worst in the USA. I've been to this forum and have tried the ACV, tried the Netipot, tried the cayenne, tried diet, and they have all helped to provide some relief this stops it cold. Just put the purifier on your nightstand and keep it on the whole night. Works wonders! I just did it after having to take the week off of work due to a URI. Even after antihistamine, eating healthier, netipots, juicing, it still was throbbing and sapping my energy. My Mom swears by this and recommended it to me. After one night the pressure was gone and I felt much better. My wife tried it last night and felt much better this morning. My wife swears by this now and says she does it just for preventative measures- too much success...

Replied by Francisca
(Zug, Switzerland)
03/03/2012

Hi Mayaman, I have been struggling with infected sinuses for two weeks now, really miserable but everybody is having the flu in Switzerland and France where we have just been, so it is normal but it is taking to long to cure itself. I don't usually have such problems, actually only once in my life in 2001. My nose seems to be really infected and is now even starting to bleed. I have a humidifier but that doesn't seem to be helping much, never had an air purifier though. I might look for one as you really seem to think that it helps. Someone here suggested sniffing with urine but I don't really know how to do it. I suppose one can put a bit in one hand and sniff it? Worth trying, I suppose...... I am taking all kinds of vitamins, drinking lots of orange, lemon and ACV juice, foot baths with magnesium, salt steam bath, but nothing helps.

Replied by Gerimaya Whyte
(Visalia, Ca USA)
03/04/2012

I can't sing the praises enough for the air purifier method. I've tried all of these methods and they provide relief to a certain degree but don't stop it... My situation might be a little different given the poorness of the air quality in my local. Some people do have pretty good success with Netipots which I have and do use myself. In any regard both methods work on cleaning the nasal tract. I've never heard of bleeding with sinusitus or UTI's so you might want to watch that. Ps you might want to consider eliminating dairy from your diet or at least reducing it considerably as its a major culprit in creating sinus allergies... Good luck and good health!

Replied by Rose1954
(Ludington, Michigan)
10/30/2012

I have severe sinistitus and nothing seems to work either. My nose also bleeds, but that is from just blowing my nose. According to my doctor if your nose bleeds it is because you're blowing your nose too hard. I still havent concured the lightly blowing of ones nose, lol.

I also have an air purifier and it seemed to work at the beginning, but now it doesn't seem as noticable as in the beginning. Nasal sprays to me are too floral and I just dont like the effects I get after using them. Seems to upset my stomach after I use them, plus the gagging reflex from the smell which makes you taste it as it runs down your throat.

Am I wrong or are you also suggesting sinistitus is connected to people whom have asthma? Which I just started coming down with within the last 10 years. If so then that is an amazing concept.

Replied by Denise
(Phila., Pa)
01/03/2014
★★★★★

I came home one day and out of nowhere my sinuses where inflamed. I had all this mucus, I could not stop blowing my nose. My sinus felt irritated. Of course I came to Earth Clinic to see what I could take and saw this post regarding an air purifier. Well, bells went off in my head because I realized that my sinuses were being affected from saw dust throughout the apt because a wood floor was being installed. The dust was everywhere including my sinuses. I got the air purifier and I am telling you it has made a BIG difference. I am feeling much better. Earlier while I was searching on EC I was drinking apple cruder vinegar, honey, and ginger. That made me feel better too. Going to get some more now. THANKS FOR YOUR POST.

Replied by Diane
(MN)
04/14/2022

I realize this is a question for a very old post but worth trying. Several of you mention an air purifier but can someone tell me what kind? I have one that plugs in the wall but has a smell, I think it's some kind of ionizing purifier. What kind can you set on your nightstand?

Betty
(CA)
04/14/2022

Not sure if Austin Air has tabletop variety but we have the floor models in our house. Love them and are quiet.

Sharon
(Utah)
05/24/2023

Austin Air Purifier. They are the best.


Andrographis

1 User Review
5 star (1) 
  100%

Posted by stevez (Webster Groves, MO) on 05/21/2023
★★★★★

Andrographis paniculata has been used in Eastern medicine for centuries. The immune boosting properties of andrographis have been researched extensively in clinical studies. In seven double-blind controlled trials, andrographis was found to be a safe and effective botanical for supporting upper respiratory tract health.In a study of 158 patients, a standardized preparation of A. paniculata dried extract administered for five days significantly decreased throat irritations and aided in drying nasal secretions. The active ingredient, andrographolide, has been found to modulate inflammatory response by inhibiting NK-kappa B.


Apple Cider Vinegar

17 User Reviews
5 star (14) 
  82%
4 star (1) 
  6%
3 star (1) 
  6%
1 star (1) 
  6%

Posted by Rob (Bowling Green, Ky) on 10/29/2018
★★★★★

Here in Kentucky, we grow up with grandma's home remedies and cure-all's. We just put a new twist on those old-remedies. I wanted to share a solution to Chronic Sinusitis. I have suffered from sinus problem for 20 years. I found this guys post where he use garlic tea loaded up into a nasal mist pump spray and got relief from his sinusitis in a week. So, I tried it. It helped but did not cure it.

Back to the drawing board. So I'm thinking, why not use ACV (w/mother)? I changed out the garlic tea for ACV in distilled water and WOW! It dried up my congestion in 2 hours, opened up my clogged eustachian tubes in 4 hours, and completely cured within 24 hours. All without a trip to the doctor office, antibiotic, flonase nasal spray, etc… and a fat bill to go with it. I was blasting each nostril every hour or so. It has been 3 weeks now and I'm still clear. If my nose feels stuffy, I blast it with the ACV pump spray and I'm good for the day. Try it, you won't regret it.

Now for side effects. It burns alittle. If it ain't burning, it ain't working. I notice a loud ringing in my ears. I'm sure it had something to do with the clogged eustachian tubes. They had been clogged for months. It does go away after a few hours. You will taste ACV in the back of your throat.

Apple Cider Vinegar Nasal Spray: The ACV nasal spray should provide relief to those suffering from nasal congestion. ACV thins out and eventually removes mucus that is blocking passages in the nasal sinus. The antimicrobial properties will kill the pathogenes causing the sinusitis.

Procedure:

  • Mix 5 to 10 drops raw apple cider vinegar (w/mother) with 1 tablespoon distilled water.

  • Pour the ACV- distilled water mixture to a clean and dry nasal mist pump sprayer that the pump can be screwed off. Got mine at Dollartree.

  • 3 Spray the ACV- distilled water mixture to the affected nostril.

  • Spray at least thrice daily until you get rid of sinus infection.

This remedy is expected to provide relief to nasal congestion within 12 hours.


Apple Cider Vinegar
Posted by Zach (Miami, Florida) on 11/27/2017
★★★★★

I had a minor cold which was under control in flight with Benadry. However, as plane descended the pressure in the eustacian tubes and sinuses became greater and greater. Once aircraft landed ears were so clogged I could only hear as if in a bubble. Tried everything natural to clear sinuses and eustachian tubes except Apple Cider Vinegar.

I did the Apple Cider Vinegar nasal rinse for this sudden onset case of altitude induced sinusitis and it cleared in a very very short time. Thanks!

Replied by John
(Co)
09/17/2018

What proportions are good for ACV STEAM Bath? Wife's sinusitis is driving her bonkers! 🤯🤯🤯 please help today.


Apple Cider Vinegar
Posted by Wendy (London) on 06/25/2017
★★★★★

After eight weeks of terrible headaches every afternoon and evening esp. when I bent down, I realised I probably had sinusitis. The doctor prescribed antibiotics and steroids (obviously) which I turned down as I have an auto immune disorder. I bought a neti pot but it seemed to make it worse. I was pretty desperate and then found your site. After one Apple Cider Vinegar steam I could feel the pressure subsiding and two days later (after 3 Apple Cider Vinegar steams a day) I feel brilliant. Thank you so much 😁


Apple Cider Vinegar
Posted by Daniella (London) on 09/29/2016
★★★★★

ACV STEAM FOR SINUSITIS

Hi there. So for a whole month I have been suffering with sinusitis. It started off as a cold that wouldn't go away. The sinus blockage went from bad to worse. Dairy products made it even worse. So realised that needed refrain from dairy products too. Tried steaming with ACV and water. Each time I did it it helped but came back. So I decided to use ACV with less water so that it will be more concentrated. Oh boy oh boy just that one treatment and I felt like a new person.

Did it the second time and now I feel back to normal. Completely. I am glad I didn't agree to take the antibiotics!

I also have been drinking lemon juice with honey on a daily basis.

ACV works like magic.... after a whole month of suffering for nothing!

It was quite strong... so u must close your eyes and mouth. I use the face steamer... so that the steam is not too strong... put over a towel and that does the trick!

Thank you earth clinic. Wish everyone good health and a speedy recovery!


Apple Cider Vinegar
Posted by Mcneillmama3 (Nc) on 01/17/2016

I have had problems with chronic sinus infections, had sinus surgery which did no good and tubes put in both ears. My doctors had me on round after round of some very serious antibiotics, erythromycin which gave me yeast infections and diarrhea; clindamycin while I was pregnant which carries a pregnancy warning; and doxycycline which had me so sun sensitive, I could not even walk out to the mailbox without using sunscreen. After reading that most sinus infections are caused by viruses, I wondered why those doctors kept prescribing antibiotics without even doing a culture. Now 20 years later my normal flora is resistant to several different antibiotics now. So I don't take them and I don't dare go to a doctor with a sinus infection. I just got a new infection right before Christmas. I got over it, but when I went back to the elementary school where I tutor, I caught something else from the kids that went right straight to my sinuses.

I'm currently using saline rinses and drinking lots of ACV+honey. I also use a Vick's personal steam inhaler with menthol/eucolyptus pads in it and breathing steam throughout the day. I'm taking Turmeric capsules as directed on the bottle. Now I'm going to try the ACV nasal rinse.


Apple Cider Vinegar
Posted by Cindy (Wichtia Kansas) on 02/24/2014

ACV for sinusitis: I was wondering what the proportions for drinking the apple cider was and what the dilution would be to actually do a sinus rinse with it. I'm battling a sinus infection for two weeks now and don't want to do any more antibotics or steroids. Thanks.


Apple Cider Vinegar
Posted by Josie (Tacloban City, Phillipines) on 10/16/2013

Hello everyone. I am here to ask about ACV, HONEY.. Where do I can buy that medicine for sinusitis cure.. Please help me because I have a daughter sufferred that kind od sinusitis desease we been buying a thousands of money for that sinusitis but until now it ddnt happened to cure my daughter.. Plz I need to know if that ACV, HONEY have in our local drug store.. I live in the phillipines.. Please reply me asoon as you read this.. Im so pitty with my daughter because shedalways suffering a col and flu every second week.. Sencerelly yours, jocelyn

Replied by Trudy
(Al)
10/16/2013

ACV is apple cider vinegar, you should be able to find this in any grocery store. It is recommended that you use unpasturized vinegar that has a residue called the 'mother' in it--you can see a brown sediment in it. The honey is also regular honey that you can find in the grocery store. It, too, is recommended to use the unpasturized kind. If you cannot find any that is not pasturized and filtered, use what you can find.

Replied by Shannon
(Usa)
03/01/2015

Hi Josie! Did you ever find any Apple Cider Vinegar (with the mother)? I know it has been over a year since you posted, but how is your daughter??

Replied by juan
(philippines)
07/22/2021

Day'maraming acv sa supermarket or mercury drug store..

Bill
(Philippines)
07/23/2021

Gumagamit ako ng Braggs Apple Cider Vinegar halos araw-araw. Maaari kang bumili ng Braggs ACV sa anumang SM mall, Robinson's mall o Gaisano mall sa Pilipinas. Ang Braggs ACV ay ipinagbibili kahit saan. Hindi ito mahal. Huwag bumili ng ACV sa Mercury drug o Watsons - masyadong mahal!!

(I use Braggs Apple Cider Vinegar almost everyday. You can buy Braggs ACV at any SM mall, Robinson's mall or Gaisano mall in the Philippines. Braggs ACV is sold everywhere. It's not expensive. Don't buy ACV at Mercury drug or Watsons -- too expensive!! )


Apple Cider Vinegar
Posted by Cherine (London, England) on 06/17/2012
★★★★☆

This is my 1st experience in having Maxillary sinusitis, which is where the sinus under your checkbone is blocked, as well as the normal symptoms. I have had pressure in my cheekbone and a toothache, as this type of sinusitis brings it on, a constant anoying pounding in my jaw and teeth. Oh and if that wasn't bad enough my ear also hurts from the pressure in my cheek, making it sensitive to sound. Went to my doctor and he gave me steriod nose drops which helped with my nose blockage, but not my cheek pain and toothache. I was desperate and in need of relief so I surffed the web and came across this website and apple cider viniger.

Been drinking 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar in hot water with honey and cinnamon, and the pressure in my cheek is relieved immediately, it doesnt go completly away but it takes it down to 30% which is great for me, been also taking 1 tablespoon in water and sipping during the day, this helps my nose run and the mucus to run down the back of my throat (not nice I know) this has helpd alot as its no longer Orange and is now clear, hopefully if I keep this up it will all go. I have also been chopping raw garlic in quarters and swallowing it as its anti bacterial so every little helps, right? I will try anything at this moment as this is no fun, if anyone has any further tips do let me know, I'll try anything.

Replied by Let It Go
(Los Angeles, California)
01/24/2017
10 posts

I wouldn't heat ACV since it will loose lots of its healing qualities.

Replied by Katherine
(Rincon Georgia)
03/15/2018

If you aren't supposed to heat it how can you use it in steaming your sinuses?


Apple Cider Vinegar
Posted by Jay (Norfolk, Virginia) on 05/01/2012
★★★★★

YEA! I am literally jumping for joy after trying this remedy. I have had serious sinus issues for about the last 6 years. I live in an area that has high levels of allergens and have been suffering with sinus infections that last the better part of 5 months. I have tried everything from antibiotics to hanging upside down for relief, and nothing has worked until today. I mixed 2 table spoons of ACV and 1 TBSP of raw honey (local) into a glass of mineral water and sipped until it was gone.bizarre part is I actually enjoyed the taste... Lol don't judge me. LITERALLY within 5 minutes I started to feel the pressure in my ears subside (the pressure was so bad that my own voice sounded distant), my nose started running, and I began hacking up thick nasty yellowish green balls of mucus from both my lungs and snorting out of my sinuses. I feel like the vice grip has been taken off of my head and I am now a firm believer in this remedy. I wish I would have known about this years ago, I could have saved myself the misery and agony. I am so happy right now! This is an instant cure!


Apple Cider Vinegar
Posted by Jennifer (Lima, Ohio, Usa) on 04/13/2012
★☆☆☆☆

Didn't help me. Drank it down trying to avoid another sinus infection and relieve the awful pressure in my face. Unfortunately, it upset my stomach so badly that I threw it all up 40 minutes later. Sticking with Mucinex.

Replied by Nita
(Granger, In)
09/25/2012

Jennifer, try again... Use organic ACV with Mother and Raw honey. This is what did it for me. I had used regular before with no change but yesterday I purchased the organic and raw and have already noticed a difference. Hopefully it works for you too.

Replied by Let It Go
(Los Angeles, California)
01/24/2017
10 posts

Did you dilute it with glass of water? You will be surprised how many people just decide to drink ACV straight.



NEXT 
Advertisement